FEDREAL DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

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    Forest Landowners’ Guide to the Federal Income Tax
    (United States Department of Agriculture, 1995) Harry L. Haney, Jr ; Garland Gray ; William L. Hoover, ; William C. Siegel ; John L. Greene
    Harry L. Haney, Jr., William L. Hoover, William C. Siegel, and John L. Greene. 2000. Forest Landowners’ Guide to the Federal Income Tax. Agriculture Handbook 718. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Updates, expands, and supersedes Agriculture Handbook No. 708, Forest Owners’ Guide to the Federal Income Tax. Incorporates tax legislation passed and administrative changes promulgated since 1994. Provides a framework for analyzing forest management investments and a chapter on tax planning. Discusses Federal income tax consid erations for Forest Land, including capital costs, reforestation tax incentives, depreciation and the Section 179 deduction, operating expenses and carrying charges, the passive loss rules, timber income and capital gains, government program cost-share payments, tax treatment of other forest related receipts, property exchanges, casualty losses and other involuntary conversions, conservation easements, installment sales, the alternative minimum tax for individuals, self-employment and Social Security taxes, and Christmas tree production. Explains forms of Forest Landownership, business management organi zation, how to research a tax question, sources of tax assistance, and how to keep forest records. Provides a glossary of terms, summaries of selected IRS Revenue Rulings, and a blank IRS Form T (Timber) for reporting forest-related activities
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    Soil Geographic Data Standard
    (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1997) Federal Geographic Data Committee
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    HAND BOOK ON AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
    (NORTH HOLLAND, 1999) NORTH HOLLAND
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    Basic Agriculture Student Handbook, Class X
    (The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110092, 2002) Central Board of secondary education new dehli
    Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, as we are growing hundreds of cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fruits and vegetables. In addition, rearing of milch animals, fishes, honeybees and silk worms has become an integral part of our economy. By virtue of hard work of the Agricultural Scientists and farmers, we have attained green revolution, white revolution, brown revolution and golden revolution. Now, we are talking of rainbow revolution and it is hoped that we are approaching towards it with great sincerity and the day is not far when we will achieve it. Now, mushroom growing, honeybee rearing (Apiculture), sericulture, aquaculture, dairying, piggery, ornamental fish culture, processing of fruits and vegetables are few important areas where our policy makers and planners are giving utmost attention. Therefore, our students should have some preliminary knowledge on these aspects. Considering the importance of Agriculture, CBSE has introduced some preliminary courses entitled ‘Basic Agriculture’ for class X students under NSQF. So that students could understand something about Agriculture at entry level. This course has been introduced with the following objectives: u To create awareness about cereals, pulses, oilseed crops, important fruits, vegetables and flowers. u To create awareness about various breeds of animals, poultry, fushes and their importance. u To impart knowledge about package of practices for growing various crops. u To impart basic knowledge on major insect-pests and diseases of various crops, animals and measures to protect them by various means. u To create awareness about post-harvest management, value addition and its importance in our daily life. u To provide basis knowledge on entrepreneurship skill in different Agri-Business. I am fully confident that after getting basic knowledge, students will get several ideas and opportunities which Agriculture can offer them in their future life. They can also think of joining this sector in their future life and can develop themselves as successful entrepreneurs in several such areas
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    Economics of Agricultural Development
    (Routledge, 2006) George W. Norton ; Jeffrey Alwang ; William A. Masters
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    FUMIGATION HANDBOOK
    (United States Department of Agriculture, 2006) John Giler
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    INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY
    (National Open University of Nigeria, 2008) DR. J.A. Salawu
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    Federal Facility Cleanup Dialogue
    (DPRA Incorporated Manhattan, Kansas, USA, 2010) Department of the Interior and Department of Agriculture Sites
    The Federal Facility Cleanup Dialogue regarding US Department of the Interior (DOI) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA) sites was held on October 21, 2010, in Washington, D.C. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the federal facility cleanup program progress and challenges and to identify potential next steps for addressing the challenges of federal facility site cleanups. More detail regarding the purpose of the meeting can be found in Attachment A. Participants in attendance included federal agency officials from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), DOI, USDA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and Department of Energy; state, tribal, and local government representatives; and national and local community members from across the country that are actively engaged in and/or concerned about the cleanup program. An updated participant and observer contact list can be found in Attachment B. The agenda and ground rules for the meeting can be found in Attachment C. DOI’s and USDA’s presentations, as well as presentation materials prepared by Elizabeth Martin, can be found in Attachment D.
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    OREGON AGRIPEDIA
    (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2013) Liz Beeles
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    RESPONSE OF POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN IN INCEPTISOL
    (POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE, 2013) Miss. Jamdade Pradnya Gulabrao
    Potassium, an essential plant nutrient, has major role in crop production including legumes crops like soybean. Reviews in the literature on potassium application to soybean suggest that soybean needs potassium, absorb it and response to potash fertilizers in terms of yield and monetary returns. However, the Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri has completely ignored potassium in the recommendation of general fertilizer prescription to soybean. Looking to the present status average productivity (10.58 q ha-1) of Maharashtra State and its comparison with the national (10.64 q ha-1) and international average productivity of soybean, there is scope to increase the state productivity of soybean with a application of potassium to soybean. It is, therefore, the present experiment was planed to ascertain the optimum dose of potassium to soybean in Inceptisol for enhancing productivity of soybean in the state and to make concrete suggestions to the University for reconsideration of recommendation of potash and their inclusion in general fertilizer prescription dose to soybean. With the above facts and views, a present field investigation entitled, “Response of potassium on yield and quality of soybean in Inceptisol ” was conducted at Post Graduate Institute, Research Farm of Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during kharif season, 2012-13 so as to find out the optimum dose of potassium for maximum economic yield of soybean. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with the seven treatments and four replications. The applied treatments were : T1 (Absolute control); T2 (RD: 50:75:00 N:P2O5: K2O kg ha-1); T3 (RD + 20 kg K2O ha-1); T4 (RD + 30 kg K2O ha-1); T5 (RD + 40 kg K2O ha-1); T6 (RD + 50 kg K2O ha-1) and T7 (RD + 60 kg K2O ha-1). The experimental soil was slightly alkaline in a reaction (pH 8.01), low in electrical conductivity ( 0.41 dSm-1 ) and medium in calcium carbonate content (6.5%), low in available nitrogen (155 kg ha-1), phosphorus (12.80 kg ha-1) and medium in potassium (232 kg ha-1) content. The results obtained in the present investigation revealed that the growth parameters viz., and plant height, number of branches per plant, chlorophyll content, nodule count were significantly influenced by various levels of potassium application. The significant highest height (47.65 cm), number of branches (12.25), chlorophyll content (53.71), effective nodules (24.16), number of pods per plants (41), test weight(14.94 g) were observed in treatment of application of RD+60 kg K2O ha-1(T7). The highest grain (31.62 q ha-1), straw (40.80 q ha-1), protein (10.36 q ha-1) and oil (6.38 q ha-1) yield were recorded under the same treatment of RD + 60 kg K2O ha-1 (T7). The grain and straw yields were at par with treatments T6 (RD + 50 kg K2O ha-1) and T5 (RD + 40 kg K2O ha-1) while the protein and oil yield were at par with treatments T6, T5 and T4. The total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly influenced by the potassium application and maximum NPK uptake was observed in the treatment T7 (RD+60 kg K2O ha-1) treatment and it was at par with treatments T6 and T5. Increase levels of potash resulted in to increase in soil fertility status after harvest of soybean with respect to all available nutrients. However, treatments plots of available N and P decreased over the initial status from all. The highest soybean yield and quality were recorded in treatment T7 however, the B:C ratio of soybean cultivation under treatments of various levels of potash was found maximum (2.47) in the treatment T6 followed by treatments T5 (2.46) and T7 (2.46). The maximum monetary returns per Rs invested on potash fertilizer (Rs 6.93) was recorded by application RD + 40 kg K2O ha-1 to soybean. Thus, from the above results of present study it can be concluded that application of 40 kg K2O ha-1 along with recommended 50 kg N and 75 kg P2O5 is found most optimum dose of potash to soybean to harvest maximum economical yield and quality of soybean in Inceptisol.
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    Principles of Agricultural Economics
    (Routledge, 2013) Andrew Barkley ; Paul W. Barkley
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    MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF HEMOTROPIC MYCOPLASMAS (HEMOPLASMAS) IN WILD MAMMALS
    ( 2016) Prof. Dr. Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira ; Prof. Dr. Alexander Welker Biondo
    Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are worldwide distributed bacteria affecting domestic and wildlife animals besides human beings. They still remain uncultivated in vitro. Hemoplasms have been described as potential causes of hemolytic anemia in domestic and wild mammals. The objective of this study was to detect by molecular methods the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in native and exotic wild mammals. This doctoral thesis presents three articles. The first article is of systematic review and meta-analysis on the molecular detection of hemoplasms in wild mammals, using articles indexed in MEDLINE and SCIELO, from December 1967 to October 2016. A total of 45/1235 articles (3.64%) related to molecular identification of hemoplasmas in wild mammals, and 78 wild mammal species were reported to be infected. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to compare the prevalence data available for wild mammals in capitivity and in free ranging between orders. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was constructed, compared and discussed. Hemoplasmas are distributed in wild mammals throughout the world, with prevalence of 29.92% (CI 24.53 – 33.74) for all reported animals: 31.00% (CI 24.97 – 37.76, I² p < 0.001) for wild animals and 22.33% (CI 17.20 – 28.47, I² p < 0.001) for captive animals. The second article refers to the research of hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats, being this the first study with hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats in Brazil. Blood samples (n=10) were taken from eight hematophagous bats: six males common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus; Family Phyllostomidae), two males hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata; Family Phyllostomidae); and two no-hematophagous females Pallas's mastiff bat (Molossus sp.; Family Molossidae), at Curitiba’s region, Parana State, southern Brazil. For anesthesia, bat cages were put inside a plastic container and isoflurane was infused with a machine with oxygen. Sedation maintenance was performed using inhalation mask. Intracardiac puncture was performed to obtain blood, sequentially, the bats were euthanized with lethal dose of intracardiac potassium chloride. Blood smears of two Desmodus rotundus, prepared immediately after blood collection, were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and examined using light microscopy at 1,000x magnification for the presence of hemoplasma. DNA was extracted from 200 µL blood using a commercially available kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A PCR for the housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH), was performed to ensure successful DNA extraction. Thereafter, samples were screened by conventional pan-hemoplasma PCR targeting the 16S rDNA regions specific for hemoplasmas. ‘Candidatus M. haemovis’-positive goat blood sample and nuclease-free water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. Using universal primers for the 16S rRNA (Reference), samples from two bats of the species Desmodus rotundus that tested positive for Mycoplasma sp in the first PCR reaction, were amplified. The PCR products of 745 bp were purified from the 1.5% agarose gel and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the hemoplasmas isolates from bats were submitted to the GenBank database under the accession number KX722541. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was constructed. In overall, 8/10 (80.0%) bats tested positive to Mycoplasma sp. including 5/6 (83.3%) Desmodus rotundus, 2/2 (100%) Diphylla ecaudata and 1/2 (50.0%) Molossus sp. The analyses of the partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene have identified a potentially novel hemoplasma species infecting bats at Curitiba’s region, Parana State, Southern Brazil. In the third article, the objective of the study was to apply a PCR protocol of Mycoplasma ovis in 12 captive Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) at Curitiba Zoo, in southern Brazil. A total of 12 blood samples with EDTA, previously searched for other pathogens were used. DNA extracted and a PCR protocol for the glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was performed on all samples to ensure amplifiable DNA. Subsequently, all the samples were tested and found to be negative using a specific PCR protocol for M. ovis detection and amplification. In the supplement are two articles, the first supplement is a review of pathogens in aoudads, with articles published between September 1959 and October 2016, identified through a computerized search in the electronic databases PubMed and SciELO. Some pathogens detected in aoudads, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii, can also infect domestic animals and humans. The second supplement refers to the research of Plasmodium sp. in cervidae in Brazil. A captive herd of 22 deer-bororó (Mazama nana), four deer-mateiro (Mazama americana) and six marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) from southern Brazil were evaluated using light microscopy and molecular approaches. Microscopic and molecular analyses were both negative for parasite presence. Keywords: Hemotropic Mycoplasma, Hemoplasma, Wild Mammals, PCR, Pathogens, Plasmodium sp
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    Milk in California; Federal Milk Marketing Order Promulgation
    (Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA., 2018) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
    This final rule establishes a Federal Milk Marketing Order (FMMO) regulating the handling of milk in California. This final rule issues a marketing order incorporating the entire state of California and adopts the same dairy product classification and pricing provisions used throughout the current FMMO system. The California FMMO provides for the recognition of producer quota as administered by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. More than the required number of producers for the California marketing area have approved the issuance of the order. This final rule also announces AMS’s intention to merge the information collection forms used to conduct the producer referendum with the reporting forms used in the other dairy marketing orders.